Abstract: Carbon/glass fiber hybrid composites, which possess high specific modulus and good toughness, are a key material system for achieving lightweight in marine structures. However, their multi-phase and heterogeneous characteristics leads to complex mechanical responses, making them susceptible to barely visible impact damage (BVID) under low-velocity impacts (such as collisions with floating objects) during service, which is difficult to detect by visual inspection. Such damage typically involves internal fiber breakage, matrix cracking, and delamination, posing a serious threat to the load-bearing safety and service reliability of the structure. This paper focuses on the stiffened panels in ship structures and addresses two core challenges: the evolution mechanism of BVID and the assessment of the residual ultimate strength of structures with damage. It systematically reviews and comments on the research progress at home and abroad in three aspects: the hybrid effect of carbon/glass fibers, the characteristics of BVID, and the residual strength of damaged hybrid structures. Based on this, the shortcomings of existing research are identified, including the relatively limited range of load cases, the lack of consideration of environmental factors, and the absence of industry standards specific to shipbuilding. The key issues that urgently need to be addressed in the impact-resistant design and performance evaluation of marine carbon/glass fiber hybrid composite structures are clarified. The aim is to provide useful references for the damage tolerance design, in-service maintenance, aging assessment, and repair decision-making of composite ships.