基于多项式和样条函数的多区间水下航迹融合与应用

Fusion and application of sectional underwater track based on polynomial and spline functions

  • 摘要: 多区间观测的水下动态航行过程产生多源异类数据,因时间异步、系统误差未知等原因导致航迹交叉或分叉,造成连续变化过程的刻画难以贯通以及局部特征点难以识别,因此有效的信息融合方法对于水下航行体复杂运动性能评估具有重要意义。针对这一问题,提出面向多区间观测数据的多项式约束融合方法和样条函数融合方法,实现了水下全航段轨迹函数化重构,解决了高动态参数序列变化不连续以及重合段数据模糊的问题。数值分析结果表明,样条函数融合结果具有多项式约束融合结果的光滑性、连续性,且在量值上更接近依权重迭加的数据级融合结果,同时也有效避免了多项式函数的Runge现象。样条函数融合的重构特性与多项式约束融合的外推特性互补集成,可实现航行轨迹特征点的准确识别。经海上实测验证,利用样条函数融合方法在有观测数据航段获得了特征点时间精度优于1%的再分析航迹,利用多项式约束融合方法在后续无观测数据航段获得了特征点时间精度优于10%的预测航迹。提出方法对于水下复杂动态航迹的多源、多区间数据的处理与分析具有潜在应用价值,同时也适用于航行过程的实时估计与辅助决策。

     

    Abstract: The underwater dynamic navigation based on sectional observation generates multi-source and heterogeneous data, creating crossed or forked tracks caused by asynchronous time delay and unknown system errors, which brings on difficulties to describe the continuous process in a integrated way and identify the local characteristic points. So the effective fusion method is significant for the complex motion performance evaluation of underwater vehicle. Aiming at the problem, the polynomial constraint fusion method(PCF) and spline function fusion method(SFF) for the track data base on sectional observation are proposed, which reconstructed the entire underwater track by function and solved the problem of discontinuous dynamic parameter sequence and fuzzy data in overlapped section. The numerical simulations show that both PCF and SFF could capture the main characteristics of underwater dynamic motion and obtain a complete and continuous track. By comparing the results of PCF, SFF and general data fusion method(GDF), the track derived by SFF has the similar smoothness and continuity as the one derived by PCF, and its value is closer to the track derived by GDF which relies on weights, and also the Runge phenomenon created by PCF is effectively avoided. The statistical results of RMSE indicate that the differences in position RMSE between SFF and GDF are 0.05m by data I and 0.02m by data II respectively, and that between PCF and GDF are 0.19m by data I and 0.28m data II respectively. The complementary and integration of SFF based on its reconstruction performance and PCF based on its extrapolation performance make it possible to accurately identify the motion characteristic points. Verified by sea trial, the SFF was used to obtain the re-analysis track in the observation section with the time accuracy superior to 1% at the characteristic points, and the PCF was used to obtain the predicted track in the subsequent section with the time accuracy superior to 10%. The proposed method shows application values for the multi-source and heterogeneous data processing and analysis in complex underwater motion, and is also useful for real-time estimation and assistant decision of underwater navigation.

     

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